Npas4 regulates synaptic development in the patch/striosome compartment and early affective vocalization in neonatal mice.

Npas4 cKO mice exhibited a highly significant increase in the total number of sequences (Control: 102.1 ± 17.07, n = 14; cKO: 185.1 ± 16.67, p = 0.0019, n = 13, Fig. 4 j), alongside significant increases in the total bout numbers (Control: 20.57 ± 2.5, n = 14; cKO: 28.69 ± 1.58, p = 0.0123, n = 13, Fig. 4 k) and the overall bout span (Control: 1.97 ± 0.39, n = 14; cKO: 3.21 ± 0.41, p = 0.0368, n = 13, Fig. 4 l).

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Limitations and future directions It is notable that the synaptic reorganization caused by Npas4 deletion was not strictly confined to the classic, densely packed striosome compartments; we also observed a significant 47% increase in Vgat and a near-significant 23% reduction in Vglut1 ( p = 0.0552) within the surrounding matrix compartment.

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