Discipline Is Not Neutral: Racial Disparities in Resident Physician Disciplinary Action.

Health Equity · 2026 · PMC13421930 · PMID 42534758

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0540

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

When stratified by race, this association appeared stronger among Black participants (OR = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.47–7.20) than White participants (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.02–2.77); however, the race-by-specialty interaction did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.054), indicating that differences in effect size should be interpreted cautiously.

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