Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among expectant mothers in Jirapa Municipality, Upper West Region, Ghana: a facility-based cross-sectional study.

BMC Public Health · 2026 · PMC13422116 · PMID 42216187

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0010

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

The linear predicted value (_hat) was highly significant ( p < 0.001), confirming that the selected covariates are independently associated of HBsAg serostatus.

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near-significantno p-value reported

Also, patterns have been observed in studies across West Africa, where prior surgery or hospitalization remains a near-significant factor, highlighting the ongoing challenge of infection control in resource-limited clinical settings [ 53 , 63 ].

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.