Effects of Short-Term Quercetin Supplementation on Urinary Nicotine Metabolism Biomarkers in Users of Conventional and Alternative Nicotine Products: A Repeated-Measures Study.

Toxics · 2026 · PMC13431417 · PMID 42515156

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0470

closest p · 0.9× alpha

0.0470

boldest claim

The sentences

nominally significantp = 0.047actually significant

Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a nominally significant effect of time (F(3, 213) = 2.699, p = 0.047, η p 2 = 0.037), although the Greenhouse–Geisser-corrected result was no longer statistically significant ( p = 0.052).

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