A cross-sectional analysis of research waste in randomized controlled trials on postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC13438811 · PMID 42191802

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1060

closest p · 2.1× alpha

0.4590

boldest claim

The sentences

a negative trendP = 0.106not close (p > 0.1)

Conversely, trials originating from non-European/American regions (primarily Asia) showed a negative trend towards publication (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.01–1.11, P = 0.106).

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a positive trendP = 0.459not close (p > 0.1)

Factors Associated with Publication and Waste Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze associations of key study characteristics with “publication status” and with “research waste status.” For publication status (Table 3 ), a large sample size (≥ 300 participants) showed a positive trend towards publication (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 0.34–15.94, P = 0.459).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.