Allellic variants in regulatory regions of cyclooxygenase-2: association with advanced colorectal adenoma.

However, it is of note that the heterozygous and variant homozygous genotypes at intron 5-5229 showed a trend toward positive association with adenoma risk compared to the suggested protective effect in males.

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There was a positive association between cigarette smoking and development of aggressive adenomas in the study population, especially a highly significant association between current smokers, both males (OR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.54–4.04) and females (OR=2.51, CI: 1.31–4.80), and risk of colorectal adenoma, when adjusted for age and NSAID use.

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The use of aspirin appeared to be protective also in male carriers of the haplotype GC, although it did not quite reach statistical significance (OR=0.69, CI: 0.45–1.05).

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