Expression and function of inducible co-stimulator in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: possible involvement in excessive interferon-gamma and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody production.

Although the median value of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation of peripheral blood T cells from active SLE patients after ICOS co-stimulation was higher than those for inactive SLE patients and normal control individuals, the difference did not reach statistical significance because of the presence of some patients with active SLE who responded poorly to the co-stimulation (Figure 3c ).

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