In particular, the area served by the canal had approximately three times as many (34.2/10,000 versus 12.0/10,000) cases of liver cancer than the control area, lower average age of death from cancer, and approximately three times more birth defects (67.42 versus 20.07 per 1,000) than the control area. Conclusions and Recommendations The implications for China's environmen- tal health risk transition of water pollution are quite significant.
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