Alcohol, smoking, passive smoking and caffeine in relation to breast cancer risk in young women. UK National Case-Control Study Group.

studies is difficult to assess because the reports were brief. The finding of such highly significant results is surprising in view of the fact that only very small numbers of cases were included.

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The increased relative risks were due to a deficit of cases who had never been exposed (16 cases and 28 controls never exposed in childhood or from a partner) rather than an increasing risk with increasng exposures. There was no evidence of a significant trend for any of the individual exposure variables examined.

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