Bisoprolol in the treatment of chronic heart failure: from pathophysiology to clinical pharmacology and trial results.

Pump failure deaths were reduced but this result did not reach statistical significance because of the lower number of events (36 vs 47 patients, HR; 95% CI, 0.74; 0.48–1.14; p = 0.17).

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All the major changes associated with LV remodeling: LV dilatation, acquisition of a spherical shape, and mitral regurgitation, were reduced by the long-term administration of beta-blockers with a concomitant, highly significant, improvement in LVEF ( Bristow 2000 ; Lechat et al 1998 ; Metra et al 1994 , 2000b , 2007 ).

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