Association between 24-hour urinary cadmium and pulmonary function among community-exposed men: the VA Normative Aging Study.

Environ Health Perspect · 2008 · PMC2535626 · PMID 18795167

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marginally significantno p-value reported

Additionally, there was a marginally significant increasing trend in FEV 1 /FVC ratio decline over time across categories of smoking status ( p -value for trend = 0.08).

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a significant trendno p-value reported

We also observed a significant trend of increased effect of U-Cd on pulmonary function, especially FEV 1 /FVC ratio, with increasing smoking status category.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.