Although the association tests were highly significant in the first cohort only, and it is important to replicate our results in larger cohorts, the direction of effects was the same for both cohorts with respect to pain sensitivity, and associations with morphine response phenotypes were in the expected direction, suggesting that the T allele codes for a low-efficiency receptor variant.
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Expansion of the human mu-opioid receptor gene architecture: novel functional variants.
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In agreement with association in the first cohort, the minor allele group had higher z -scores than the major allele group [0.63 (1.19) versus −0.95 (0.52)], ( Supplementary Material, Table S2 ), although this difference did not reach statistical significance.
In our dataset, homozygotes for the G allele tended to have the lower mean pain scores, whereas homozygotes for the A allele tended to have the higher mean pain scores (data not shown), but this difference did not achieve significance.