Combined effects of overweight and smoking in late adolescence on subsequent mortality: nationwide cohort study.

Compared with normal weight men who did not smoke, the hazard ratios for groups defined by BMI and smoking status were large (1.31 to 4.74; table 6) and highly significant (P<0.001 to P=0.02) for all but two groups: moderately underweight non-smokers (0.92, 0.72 to 1.17, P=0.48) and extremely underweight non-smokers (1.24, 0.81 to 1.91).

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Whether the combination of heavy smoking and obesity has synergistic effects will require further study as the point estimate in this study was large but did not reach statistical significance.

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