CAPE has been shown to be well absorbed into plasma after oral administration [75] , and although it was found to have a short half-life in rat plasma in vitro, it was metabolized to caffeic acid [76] , which was also effective in serum-withdrawn NSC34 cells and showed a positive trend when tested in G93A-SOD1-expressing cells.
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An in vitro screening cascade to identify neuroprotective antioxidants in ALS.
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Other caffeic acid derivatives were also identified in the initial library screen, including chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid (effective in NSC34 cells, but failed to reach statistical significance in G93A-SOD1-expressing cells), suggesting that metabolites of CAPE may still be effective in vivo.