Cytokine and chemokine expression In the liver, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression was enhanced after four hours of MV (Figures 3e and 3f ) although the difference in TNF-α mRNA between four hours of MV and NVC did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.09).
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Ventilator-induced endothelial activation and inflammation in the lung and distal organs.
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