Both stress measures showed a trend toward negatively modifying the association of lead on cognition.
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Interaction of stress, lead burden, and age on cognition in older men: the VA Normative Aging Study.
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Higher PSS scores were also associated with a 0.20 lower MMSE score, although this did not quite reach statistical significance (95% CI, −0.43 to 0.03).
Thus, the public health implications may be significant, given the possibility of improved neurobehavioral performance after reducing blood lead, which has been shown in serveral studies ( Chuang et al. 2005 ; Schwartz et al. 2001 ; Winker et al. 2006 ), and stress ( Bremner et al. 2008 ).