Smoking and γ-glutamyltransferase: opposite interactions with alcohol consumption and body mass index.

A similar picture emerged in the models of ln -transformed γ-GT, which showed a monotonous dose-response relationship and statistically highly significant elevation of γ-GT by 23.2% in heavy (>20 cig./d) vs. never smokers in normal weight, but no clear association in obese subjects, in whom the confidence intervals around the estimated percent changes in the different smoking groups widely overlapped (difference in elevation in heavy vs. never smokers: 9.2%).

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In the case of the interaction with BMI, the results showed a trend opposite to the original expectations: across models and adjustment sets, smoking intensity was associated with higher γ-GT in subjects with normal weight but not in obese subjects, with effect estimates being of intermediate magnitude in subjects with BMI 25 to <30 kg/m 2 ( Table 5 ).

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