B-vitamin consumption and the prevalence of diabetes and obesity among the US adults: population based ecological study.

Although there are no data available concerning the relationships between B-vitamins fortification of a variety of foods and the global increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, the notable facts are that: (1) compared with formula-feeding, breastfeeding is associated with a reduction in risk of later overweight and obesity [ 45 - 47 ]; (2) high consumption of processed meat is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes [ 48 ]; and (3) the global prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes showed a trend of spreading from the earliest fortified-countries to the latter fortified-countries, whereas the non-vitamin-fortified countries including western developed countries, such as Norway, have a low prevalence of obesity and diabetes, compared with the earliest fortified-countries, such as the US and Canada [ 49 , 50 ].

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Moreover, there was a decreasing trend in US per capita consumption of dietary saturated fats in 1970s-1990s (Figure 7A , open cycles) and cholesterol from mid-1940s to late 1990s (Figure 7C , open cycles), with an increasing trend in the consumption of dietary fiber from mid-1960s to the early 2000 (Figure 7E , open cycles).

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