Differential effects of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol on carotenoid deposition in an avian sexually selected signal.

We found a significant difference only for size of the eye ring (female: 23.50 ± 2.10 mm 2 ; male: 32.50 ± 1.93 mm 2 ; one-way ANOVA: F (1,22) = 9.95, p = 0.004) while the differences in color parameters did not reach statistical significance, perhaps because the birds were sexually inactive (hue: female: 579 ± 3.89 nm, male: 589 ± 3.58 nm; one-way ANOVA: F (1,22) = 2.97, p = 0.10; UV-hue: female: 318 ± 0.56 nm, male: 317 ± 0.51 nm; one-way ANOVA: F (1,22) = 0.40, p = 0.55; chroma: female: 1.64 ± 0.13, male: 1.75 ± 0.12; one-way ANOVA: F (1,22) = 0.43, p = 0.52; UV-chroma: female: 0.56 ± 0.03, male: 0.54 ± 0.02 nm; one-way ANOVA: F (1,22) = 0.58, p = 0.45).

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