Queen pheromones in Temnothorax ants: control or honest signal?

BMC Evol Biol · 2011 · PMC3060118 · PMID 21356125

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a clear trendno p-value reported

Our data do not reveal a clear trend in the chemistry of those hydrocarbons that differentiate queens and workers among the six investigated species.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.