Population variation in brain size of nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius)--local adaptation or environmentally induced variation?

However, in the case of telencephalon, the habitat effect approached significance (habitat: F 1, 9.08 = 3.95, P = 0.078; log standard length: F 1, 61.39 = 5.11, P = 0.027; log body weight: F 1, 93.10 = 1.37, P = 0.24; log brain volume: F 1, 99.91 = 122.53, P < 0.001; population [habitat]: Z = 1.05, P = 0.29).

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Further, we found a marginally significant trend in the relative telencephalon size: marine fish tend to have larger telencephala than pond fish.

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