Strong mucosal immune responses in SIV infected macaques contribute to viral control and preserved CD4+ T-cell levels in blood and mucosal tissues.

The analysis of all SIV-infected animals revealed a highly significant inverse correlation between the viral RNA load in plasma and the CD4+ T-cells in blood ( P < 0.0001; r = -0.786), BAL ( P < 0.0001; r = -0.814), duodenum ( P = 0.008; r = -0.497) and colon ( P < 0.0001; r = -0.685) as well as for the proportion of CD4+CCR5+ T-cells in blood ( P = 0.0003; r = - 0.647), BAL ( P < 0.0001; r = - 0.817), duodenum ( P < 0.0001; r = - 0.742) and colon ( P = 0.0003; r = - 0.674).

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In contrast, the proportion of Gag-specific cells was lower in all compartments of progressors in comparison to controllers, but these differences did not reach statistical significance probably due to the low number of Mamu-A1*001 progressors available for this assay.

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