Barely Significant
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Associations between music education, intelligence, and spelling ability in elementary school.

Adv Cogn Psychol · 2011 · PMC3101523 · PMID 21614212

Europe PMCDOI
1
hedged sentence
0.0760
closest p · 1.5× alpha
0.0760
boldest claim

The sentences

tendency towards significancep = .076so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
Boys who played an instrument were underrepresented in the lowest quartile of spelling performance: Only 27.5% of boys in the lowest quartile played an instrument whereas 61.5% of boys of the better quartiles were active musicians. Comparison between lowest quartile and all other quartiles combined proved a significant difference, X 2 (1) = 17.52, p < .0001; that turned into tendency towards significance after families without instruments were excluded, X 2 (1) = 6.86, p = .076.

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