Activation of HIV transcription by the viral Tat protein requires a demethylation step mediated by lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1).

The transcriptional activity of the HIV LTR alone was also reduced in LSD1/KDM1 knockdown cells (∼28%) although values did not reach statistical significance indicating that an additional target for LSD1/KDM1 may or may not exist at the HIV LTR in the absence of Tat ( Figure 6G ).

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