just short of significancep < .10
Children in father-migrant/mother-caregiver households also had lower odds ( e β = 0.71; β = −.35), although this falls just short of significance ( p < .10).
Children in father-migrant/mother-caregiver households also had lower odds ( e β = 0.71; β = −.35), although this falls just short of significance ( p < .10).
Further, in Vietnam it was children in mother-migrant/father-caregiver households who were less likely than those living with both parents to experience an emotional disorder ( e β = 0.52; β = −.65), whereas in Indonesia the association was in the opposite direction, although the results did not quite reach significance ( p > .10).
In Vietnam, the equivalent estimates declined slightly and only approached significance ( p < .10), but remained in the same direction.
Thus left-behind Filipino children may be less likely to have conduct problems compared to their counterparts living with both parents, although the relationship does not quite reach significance in the extended model ( p < .10).
Nevertheless, insofar as stability and familiarity during childhood are protective for psychological health, these differences may be significant.