Increased methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: a link with the severity and type of trauma.

There was a highly significant association between childhood emotional abuse and NR3C1 methylation ( b =1.06; P =5.11 × 10 −15 ) showing that emotionally abused subjects had higher methylation status (0.135 (s.d.=0.03)) than non-emotionally abused subjects (0.098 (s.d.=0.03); Supplementary Figure S1 ).

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After adjustment for confounding variables, there was a significant trend in percentage of methylation from no clinically recorded childhood sexual abuse (0.131 (s.d.=0.02)) to sexual abuse without penetration (0.137 (s.d.=0.02)) and to sexual abuse with penetration (0.141 (s.d.=0.01); b =0.22; P =0.02).

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