A common genetic network underlies substance use disorders and disruptive or externalizing disorders.

Hum Genet · 2012 · PMC3351604 · PMID 22492058

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highly significantno p-value reported

4 ). In the extended and multigenerational Paisa pedigrees segregating ADHD comorbidly with ODD, CD, alcohol abuse/dependence, and nicotine dependence, we found that ADHD co-segregates with disruptive behaviors as a phenotypically variable trait, as evidenced by highly significant pair-wise linkages among ADHD and ODD (LOD = 14.19), ADHD and CD (LOD = 5.34), ODD and CD (LOD = 6.68), and CD and alcohol abuse/dependence (LOD = 3.98).

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nominally significantno p-value reported

Another independent study utilized two-point linkage analysis in families with alcohol dependence to identify a nominally significant locus at D4S244 (Reich et al. 1998 ), which is ~5 Mb downstream of LPHN3 .

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.