Arbitrary symbolism in natural language revisited: when word forms carry meaning.

PLoS One · 2012 · PMC3412842 · PMID 22879931

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hedged sentences

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0900

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = .06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Participants showed a trend toward an interaction between syllable length and phoneme duration by subjects [F 1 (3,147) = 2.5, p = .06] and a significant interaction between these variables at the item level [F 2 (3,72) = 2.74, p = .05].

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approached but did not reach significancep = .09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In contrast, the main effect of acoustic duration approached but did not reach significance [F 1 (1,147) = 2.96, p = .09; by items F 2 (3,79) = 3.83, p = .054].

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