Prolonged tenofovir treatment of macaques infected with K65R reverse transcriptase mutants of SIV results in the development of antiviral immune responses that control virus replication after drug withdrawal.

Compared to three uninfected age-matched adult macaques, and despite much variability among animals and tissues, the SIV-infected animals showed a trend towards lower CD4+ T cell populations in some tissues (such as total CD4+ T cells in jejunum; central memory CD4+ cells in the lymph nodes, and effector and effector memory CD4+ cells in peripheral blood), and a conversely higher percentage of CD8+ T cells and naïve CD4+ T cells in those tissues (Figure 2 ).

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