Rock sparrow song reflects male age and reproductive success.

PLoS One · 2012 · PMC3426517 · PMID 22927955

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

failed to reach significanceP = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Despite their greater overall reproductive success, older males had more extra-pair young in their own nests, though this difference failed to reach significance (median and IQR, older males: 1.00, 0.00–2.50, yearlings: 0.00, 0.00–0.00, U = 27.0, N yearling = 8, N older = 12, P = 0.06).

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failed to reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

However, song rate as predictor variable was significant only in the final model and song amplitude marginally failed to reach statistical significance ( Table 3 ).

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