approached significancep = 0.057
For healthy older participants taken alone, the key interaction approached significance (F(1, 15) = 4.24, MSE = 0.110, p = 0.057; η 2 p = 0.220) and post-hoc analyses showed the orientation effect for dark (p = 0.010, Tukey) but not white shadow stimuli (p = 0.844); thus, patterns were overall the same as in young participants though less pronounced.