Retinoic acid receptor-dependent, cell-autonomous, endogenous retinoic acid signaling and its target genes in mouse collecting duct cells.

Under culture conditions, when RARE-luciferase transfected mIMCD-3 cells were treated with exogenous tRA alone, the induction of RARE-luciferase activity was weak and did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 2B iii), suggesting that the constitutive RARE activity induced by endogenous tRA/RARs was close to saturation for activating the reporter construct.

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