Maternal smoking and the retinoid pathway in the developing lung.

Respir Res · 2012 · PMC3479035 · PMID 22651576

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showed a trendno p-value reported

However, clinical trials of supplementing beta carotene in active smokers showed a trend toward increased lung cancer in patients receiving beta carotene.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.