Learned vocal variation is associated with abrupt cryptic genetic change in a parrot species complex.

Mantel tests indicate significant or near-significant isolation-by-distance in fundamental frequency ( r = 0.416, P = 0.033), peak frequency pattern ( r = 0.338, P = 0.047), and mean frequency modulation ( r = 0.338, P = 0.087), but not call duration ( r = 0.010, P = 0.406) or peak frequency ( r = 0.188, P = 0.173).

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