Pre-, pro-, and synbiotics: do they have a role in reducing uremic toxins? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Int J Nephrol · 2012 · PMC3536316 · PMID 23316359

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Nine of these studies saw a decreasing trend in PCS and/or IS postintervention, which all seven and four from five found significance, respectively. 3.4.1.

also in 47,180 other papers

a positive trendno p-value reported

This paper illustrates from the 19 eligible studies looking at this intervention on PCS and/or IS reduction that there is a positive trend for both pre- and probiotics.

also in 11,005 other papers

did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

This study also looked at the effect on the microbiota whereby there was a trend for a greater increase in bifidobacteria in the synbiotic arm (subgroup n = 9) compared to the prebiotic arm ( n = 19), although this did not reach statistical significance.

also in 111,027 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.