Substance use (alcohol, areca nut and cigarette) is associated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

PLoS One · 2013 · PMC3567035 · PMID 23409056

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a significant trendno p-value reported

Moreover, there was a significant trend toward worse outcome for ESCC patients who used more substances (adjusted p for trend = 0.01) ( Table 3 ).

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