Crystalloid and colloid preload for maintaining cardiac output in elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement under spinal anesthesia.

As a result, blood pressure tended to decrease less in patients receiving colloid preload, although it did not reach statistical significance.

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In addition, there was a nonsignificant trend toward decrease in the heart rate after spinal anesthesia in all patients, with no significant difference among the three groups ( Fig. 3 ).

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