A general increase in acylcarnitines and 3-OH acylcarnitines derived from fatty acid oxidation was apparent in obesity, including those of intermediate chain length, suggesting a greater prevalence of incomplete long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation in the obese rats (e.g., see highly significant increases in decanoylcarnitine and its related metabolites including the S- and R-isomers of 3-hydroxy-decanoylcarnitine).
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Urinary concentrations of acylcarnitines corresponding to the acyl-CoA products of BCKDC were all markedly elevated in the 24-h urine samples of obese rats when corrected for creatinine, and a number of their downstream metabolites were also elevated or showed a trend for increase ( Fig. 4 , Table 5 ).