Association studies of VDR allelic variations and T1D done in many countries, including different populations (southern [ 32 ] and northern [ 33 ] India, Iran [ 34 ], Spain [ 35 ], Romania [ 36 , 37 ], Turkey [ 38 , 39 ], Hungary [ 40 ], Portugal [ 41 ], UK, US, Norway [ 42 ], Japan [ 42 , 43 ], Finland [ 42 , 44 ], Poland [ 45 ], Croatia [ 46 , 47 ], Brazil [ 48 ], Uruguay [ 49 ], Germany [ 50 – 52 ], Greece [ 53 ], Bangladesh [ 54 ], Taiwan [ 55 ], Chile [ 56 ], and Italy [ 57 ]) yielded conflicting results; some showed significant association while others failed to reach statistical significance, as shown in Table 1 .
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The role of vitamin d deficiency in the incidence, progression, and complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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