Further statistical test (see Methods for details) for methylation alterations in each of the self- and hetero-graft plants for each of the three sequence contexts, CG, CHG and CHH, as well as total Cs, relative to those in the seed-plant control, indicated that 13 of the 16 pairwise comparisons between hetero-grafted plants and control are highly significant ( Table S5 ).
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Inter-species grafting caused extensive and heritable alterations of DNA methylation in Solanaceae plants.
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In the selfed progenies of these scions, one gene ( slNRPD ) showed a trend of down-regulation towards expression level of the control plant ( Figure 4F ) while the other gene ( slRDR ) showed a trend of persistent up-regulation ( Figure 4I ).