Antibodies to polymorphic invasion-inhibitory and non-Inhibitory epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 in human malaria.

Antibodies to the 1F9 epitope were associated with a reduced risk of malaria in both the parasitemic and aparasitemic groups (HR = 0.29 and HR = 0.31, respectively) ( Table 1 ), although these associations did not reach statistical significance in either group (P = 0.14), possibly because the smaller sample size leads to reduced statistical power; a statistically significant association between 1F9 antibodies and protection was only seen when all children were included in the analysis (HR = 0.21, P = 0.01).

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