Causal and synthetic associations of variants in the SERPINA gene cluster with alpha1-antitrypsin serum levels.

Yet smaller studies recruited within population isolates showed a trend for the rare allele to be associated with low lung function (random-effect P = 0.02, N = 1623, Figure 5 ), and in contrast to the association with AAT serum levels, adjusting for PI S and Z alleles did not modify the association of rs4905179 with lung function ( Figure 6 ).

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