highly significantP = 0.001
Two-way PERMANOVA indicated that there was a highly significant difference in benthic assemblage between location (F 4, 103 = 4.39, P = 0.001, ECV = 38.42%) and between sites within location (F 17, 103 = 12.16, P = 0.001, ECV = 43.15%), suggesting that significant variability in community types exists both between and among high-latitude locations.