An orienting response is not enough: Bivalency not infrequency causes the bivalency effect.

Adv Cogn Psychol · 2013 · PMC3783937 · PMID 24155863

Europe PMC DOI

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approached significancep < .09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Moreover, the four-way interaction between Block, Task, Task Triplet, and Condition of Infrequent Stimuli approached significance, F (3.85, 130.99) = 2.05, p < .09,η 2 = .06, suggesting that the performances lowing after infrequent bivalent and univalent stimuli persisted differently across tasks and task triplets.

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