Increased pfmdr1 gene copy number and the decline in pfcrt and pfmdr1 resistance alleles in Ghanaian Plasmodium falciparum isolates after the change of anti-malarial drug treatment policy.

A significant decreasing trend in T76 (× 2 = 43.49, p < 0.001) and an increasing trend in K76 (× 2 = 64.50, p < 0.001) were observed from 2003 to 2010 (Figure 2 A).

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The observed increasing trend of F184 and the decreasing trend in the prevalence of Y184 alleles did not reach statistical significance (× 2 = 7.39, p = 0.060; × 2 = 7.49, p = 0.057, respectively) (Figure 2 C).

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An increasing trend in the prevalence of the pfcrt K76 wild type allele from 19 to 59% from 2005 to 2010 and a decreasing trend for pfcrt T76 from 88 to 56% for the same period were observed.

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