a near-significant trendP = 0.034
In contrast, the two species with cocooned pupae groomed live fungus-exposed brood significantly more than sham-treated brood, and showed a near-significant trend for higher grooming frequency of brood treated with live vs dead fungus (Figure 1 C,D; La. neglectus: F 2,40 = 3.683, P = 0.034; P. punctata: F 2,42 = 6.309, P = 0.004; post hoc Tukey comparisons: live fungus vs sham treatment: P = 0.019 and P = 0.001, live vs dead fungus P = 0.134 and P = 0.076, dead fungus vs sham treatment P = 0.228 and P = 0.075 for La. neglectus and P. punctata respectively).