The habenula governs the attribution of incentive salience to reward predictive cues.

However, during subsequent sessions, rats in the fr lesioned group approached the CS 33 with increasing frequency while approaches to the CS+ showed a trend toward a decline as demonstrated by a significant reduction in the difference score to near zero ( F = 7.81; df = 2,4, p = 0.04; Figure 3B ).

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This comparison was the only contrast in which statistical analysis of the difference score and the number of conditioned approaches to the CS+ did not reach the same conclusion; conditioned approach to the CS+ was marginally significant between the two groups ( F (stimulation) = 3.32, df = 1,13, p = 0.08).

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