In vitro the 5-HT transporter, a critical element in neuronal 5-HT uptake, appeared specially upregulated with the poly(I:C) treatment and showed an important trend to increase in the hippocampal culture when costimulated with IFN-α, which may support the idea that the deregulation of 5-HT biosynthesis and metabolism may be involved in the development of this depression type.
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Concomitant interferon alpha stimulation and TLR3 activation induces neuronal expression of depression-related genes that are elevated in the brain of suicidal persons.
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