Randomised controlled trials may underestimate drug effects: balanced placebo trial design.

PLoS One · 2014 · PMC3885519 · PMID 24416197

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showed a trendno p-value reported

The secondary outcome, the PP, showed a trend for the sum of the drug effect and the placebo effect (δ+μ) (mean PP 35.2 (95% CI, 27.0–43.3)) being larger than the total treatment effect (γ) (mean PP 30.0 (95% CI, 25.0–35.1)) (P = 0.065, paired t-test).

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