The Significance of Interferon-γ in HIV-1 Pathogenesis, Therapy, and Prophylaxis.

A cross-sectional study showed significantly elevated serum levels of certain cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-18) and an increasing trend for serum IFNγ levels in symptomatic subjects when compared to asymptomatic subjects prior to treatment with ART ( 20 ).

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In the case of IFNγ, cross-sectional study of pre- and post-ART showed a decreasing trend in serum IFNγ levels with the initiation of ART (Table 2 ) ( 20 ).

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This increase not only demonstrates a continued expression of IFNγ in infected infants, but also showed a significant trend toward an increased immunologic response when limited to those breastfed infants surviving 1 year or more ( 10 ).

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